Nitrogen (N) fertilization is one the most widely used agricultural practices and crops are known to utilize only 30 to 35% of the applied nitrogen fertilizer. Every year non-ignorable total sum of nitrogen lost with volatilization to the air, leaches from the soil and become not useful for the plants.
As the technological advancements, attention has been focused on studies to measure nitrogen loss and maximize plant nitrogen use efficiency. A practice commonly recommended to improve nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency is the addition of urease and/or nitrification inhibitors into nitrogen fertilizers. Urease inhibitors delay hydrolyzes of urea fertilizer and thereby decreases ammonia volatilization; nitrification inhibitors delay the conversion of ammonium to nitrate and lowering nitrate leaching.
Urea fertilization is known to be susceptible to nitrogen losses by ammonia volatilization and depending on fertilizer practices, soil type and environmental conditions this loss can reach 50% of the total nitrogen applied (Harisson and Webb, 2001; Cai et al., 2002). One approach for reducing potential losses of nitrogen in urea fertilization is to reduce urea hydrolyzes by inhibiting urease activity. Urease is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia. Inhibiting urease; the urea fertilizer can leach or bind into the soil before hydrolysis to ammonia and captured by the soil colloids thereby reducing losses of gaseous nitrogen. For this reason we use well-known urease inhibitor NBPT [N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide] inside DASH 46. The main advantage of NBPT is the high efficiency in inhibiting urease at low concentration in a wide variety of soils (Rawluk et al., 2001).
With DASH 46 yield can be increased with the same amount of fertilizer rate. Yield can be maintained with less fertilizer rate. Yield can be increased more than average by increasing fertilizer rate. *compared to traditional urea fertilizers.
Nitrous oxide is emitted from agriculture, transportation. In agriculture oxide is emitted when people add nitrogen to the soil through the use of Nitrogen fertilizers. When nitrogen contained fertilizers applied to the soil, depends on nitrogen type and quality, most absorbed by plants. The rest volatiles or runs off into waterways. Nitrous oxides go to the atmosphere and enhance the greenhouse effect with a global warming potential 298 times greater than of carbon dioxide (CO2) in a 100-year time horizon (Forster et al. 2007).
Urease inhibitors such as Dash46 contain help to hold nitrogen longer in soil, providing more opportunity for plants to uptake. The usage of urease inhibitors can reduce greenhouse gas emissions (e.g., Abbasi and Adams 2000; Di et al. 2007, 2009).